![]() Due to the results, we question the validity of including shoulder ROM assessment within accepted scoring systems. Orthopaedic texts describe different methods for measuring shoulder ROM, which may lead to further confusion and error. performed with the scapula stabilized by examiners hand external rotation at side. We present the average of published figures. ![]() There is stark variation in published figures for normal shoulder ROM. Abduction and external rotation were found to have the greatest disparity. Significant intra and inter observer error was also identified. ROM measurements showed a lack of agreement between visual and goniometer measurements and between time elapsed measurements. The published average and range values for specific shoulder movements were: forward flexion 165 (117–180), extension 54 (28–80), abduction 171 (117–189), internal rotation 74 (30–110), external rotation 83 (40–117). The literature review confirmed there to be a wide variation in the normal shoulder ROM. Visual estimation and goniometry assessments were conducted. Second observations were made after two weeks. Two researchers (specialist trainees in T&O) prospectively assessed 20 shoulders in 10 healthy volunteers. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the average value of shoulder movements. ![]() MethodsĪ literature search of textbooks, Pub Med and scoring systems was undertaken. To perform visual and goniometer measurement of shoulder ROM in 10 volunteers and assess the agreement between the two methods. Subsequently, to calculate the average of these published values. To perform a literature review and record the published values for normal shoulder ROM. Furthermore we suspect there is a high incidence of intra and inter observer error during shoulder ROM examination. However, in orthopaedic texts, the quoted normal shoulder ROM has significant variation. Accurate knowledge of the normal shoulder range of movement (ROM) is imperative for evaluating pathology and clinical success.
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